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Ahigh precision visual localization sensor and its workingmethodology for an indoor mobile robot

Feng-yu ZHOU,Xian-feng YUAN,Yang YANG,Zhi-fei JIANG,Chen-lei ZHOU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第4期页码 365-374 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500272

摘要： To overcome the shortcomings of existing robot localization sensors, such as low accuracy and poor robustness, a high precision visual localization system based on infrared-reflective artificial markers is designed and illustrated in detail in this paper. First, the hardware system of the localization sensor is developed. Secondly, we design a novel kind of infrared-reflective artificial marker whose characteristics can be extracted by the acquisition and processing of the infrared image. In addition, a confidence calculation method for marker identification is proposed to obtain the probabilistic localization results. Finally, the autonomous localization of the robot is achieved by calculating the relative pose relation between the robot and the artificial marker based on the perspective-3-point (P3P) visual localization algorithm. Numerous experiments and practical applications show that the designed localization sensor system is immune to the interferences of the illumination and observation angle changes. The precision of the sensor is ±1.94 cm for position localization and ±1.64? for angle localization. Therefore, it satisfies perfectly the requirements of localization precision for an indoor mobile robot.

关键词： Mobile robot Localization sensor Visual localization Infrared-reflective marker Embedded system

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长走廊环境下视觉特征辅助的移动机器人定位研究 Research Article

葛耿育1,3,张毅2,王维1,胡立鹤1,王洋1,蒋勤1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第6期页码 876-889 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200208

摘要：定位在移动机器人导航系统中起着至关重要的作用，是自主移动的基本能力。在室内环境中，当前主流的定位方案使用2D激光雷达，利用即时定位和建图（SLAM）技术来构建占据栅格地图；然后，基于已知的地图来定位。然而，此类方案仅在具有显著几何特征的区域有效。对于重复、对称或类似结构的区域，例如长走廊，常规粒子过滤方法将失效。为解决这一问题，本文提出一种从粗到细的模式，该模式使用视觉特征辅助长走廊中的移动机器人定位。首先，移动机器人被远程控制，沿着中线从起始位置移动到终点。在移动过程中，使用基于激光的SLAM方法建图。同时，根据关键帧选择策略创建关键帧图像组成的视觉地图。关键帧通过时间戳与机器人的姿势相关联。其次，基于提取的激光扫描距离特征，提出一种移动策略，确定初始粗略位置。这对于移动机器人来说至关重要，因为它给出了机器人需要移动到哪里才能调整姿势的指令。然后，移动机器人根据移动策略以适当的视角捕捉图像，并将其与图像地图进行匹配，以获得粗略的定位。最后，提出一种改进的粒子滤波方法来实现精细定位。实验结果表明，该方法对全局定位是有效和鲁棒的。定位成功率达98.8%，平均移动距离仅0.31米。此外，当移动机器人被绑架到走廊中的另一个位置时，该方法依然有效。

关键词：移动机器人；定位；即时定位和建图（SLAM）；走廊环境；粒子滤波；视觉特征

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利用机器视觉技术对化工厂管道进行自动视觉泄漏检测与定位 Reiew

Mina Fahimipirehgalin, Emanuel Trunzer, Matthias Odenweller, Birgit Vogel-Heuser

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第6期页码 758-776 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.08.026

摘要：

在大型化工厂中，输送液体的管道的泄漏是一个重要的问题。管道的破损不仅会影响工厂的正常运行，同时也增加了维护成本。此外，还会使操作人员的生命安全受到威胁。因此，管道泄漏的检测与定位是维护和状态监测中的关键任务。近年来，大型工厂利用红外（IR）相机进行泄漏检测。红外相机可捕捉温度比周围环境温度高（或低）的液体泄漏。本文针对化工厂中的管道泄漏，提出了一种基于红外视频数据和机器视觉技术的检测与定位方法。由于所提出的方法是以视觉技术为基础，无需考虑泄漏液体的物理性质，因此其适用于任何类型的液体（水、油等）泄漏检测。在本方法中，首先对后续帧进行减影和分块处理，然后对每一分块进行主成分分析，提取特征；接着将分块内所有减影帧都转换为特征向量（作为块分类的依据），根据特征向量，采用k-最近邻算法将块分为正常（无泄漏）和异常（泄漏）两类；最后在各异常块上确定泄漏的位置。本文使用了两种不同格式的数据集（由红外相机拍摄的实验室工厂演示装置的视频图像组成）对上述方法进行评估。结果表明，本文提出的利用红外视频进行管道泄漏检测与定位的方法前景可观，具有较高的检测精度以及合理的检测时间。本文最后讨论了该方法在工厂进行实际推广的可能性及局限性。

关键词：泄漏检测与定位图像分析图像预处理主成分分析 k-最近邻分类

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无人车自主定位和障碍物感知的视觉主导多传感器融合方法 Article

Jian-ru XUE,Di WANG,Shao-yi DU,Di-xiao CUI,Yong HUANG,Nan-ning ZHENG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第1期页码 122-138 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601873

摘要：人类驾驶与自主驾驶在对交通环境的理解方式上有着明显差别。首先，人主要通过视觉来理解交通场景，而机器感知需要融合多种异构的传感信息才能保证行车安全。其次，一个熟练的驾驶员可以轻松适应各种动态交通环境，但现有的机器感知系统却会经常输出有噪声的感知结果，而自主驾驶要求感知结果近乎100%准确。本文提出了一种用于无人车交通环境感知的视觉主导的多传感器融合计算框架，通过几何和语义约束融合来自相机、激光雷达（LIDAR）及地理信息系统（GIS）的信息，为无人车提供高精度的自主定位和准确鲁棒的障碍物感知，并进一步讨论了已成功集成到上述框架内的鲁棒的视觉算法，主要包括从训练数据收集、传感器数据处理、低级特征提取到障碍物识别和环境地图创建等多个层次的视觉算法。所提出的框架里已用于自主研发的无人车，并在各种真实城区环境中进行了长达八年的实地测试，实验结果验证了视觉主导的多传感融合感知框架的鲁棒性和高效性。

关键词：视觉感知；自主定位；地图构建；运动规划；无人车

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室内导航系统视觉标记性能分析 Article

Gaetano C. LA DELFA,Salvatore MONTELEONE,Vincenzo CATANIA,Juan F. DE PAZ,Javier BAJO

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第8期页码 730-740 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500324

摘要：智能手机大规模普及，人们对可穿戴设备和物联网兴趣倍增，以及定位服务指数级增长，使得室内定位导航成为近年来最重要的技术挑战之一。室内定位系统不仅在零售行业及定向推送广告行业有着巨大的市场，同时，它还可以部署在医院、机场、博物馆等公共建筑中，成为提升人们生活质量的基础性配置。甚至，在紧急情况下，是否部署室内定位系统，会造成生死之别。文献中已报道多种方法。近年来，得益于智能手机相机性能的大幅提升，无标记点和有标记点的计算机视觉方法得到开发。在之前的研究中，我们提出了一种利用低功耗蓝牙和嵌入地面的2D视觉标记系统进行室内定位导航的技术。在本文中，我们对3种可服务于实时应用的2D视觉标记（Vuforia，ArUco标记和AprilTag）进行了定性的性能评估。本文重点研究了附于地表瓷砖的3种视觉标记在特定情况下的表现，提出了最优视觉标记的甄选原则，为我们提出的室内定位导航技术提供技术支撑。

关键词：室内定位；视觉标记；计算机视觉

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用于长期自主机器人的新型鲁棒同时定位与建图方法 Research Articles

魏伟1,朱晓蕊1,2,王毅1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第2期页码 234-245 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000358

摘要：自主移动机器人的基本任务是同时定位与建图（SLAM）。此外，长期鲁棒性是 SLAM的一个重要属性。当车辆或机器人快速旋转或在某些场景中（例如低纹理环境、长走廊、隧道或其他重复的结构环境）转向时，大多数SLAM系统可能会失效。本文提出一种新颖的鲁棒视觉惯性激光雷达(LiDaR)导航(VILN)SLAM系统，包括立体视觉-惯性LiDaR里程计和视觉-LiDaR闭环。所提出的VILN SLAM系统即使在偶尔会降低LiDaR或视觉测量性能的复杂场景中也可以长期稳定地运行。大量实验结果表明，与最先进的SLAM系统相比，VILN SLAM系统在各种场景下的鲁棒性都有了很大提高。

关键词：同时定位与建图（SLAM）；长期；鲁棒性；激光雷达（LiDaR）；视觉惯性激光雷达导航（VILN）

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Robotized machining of big work pieces: Localization of supporting heads

Wojciech SZYNKIEWICZ, Teresa ZIELIŃSKA, Włodzimierz KASPRZAK

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第4期页码 357-369 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0103-0

摘要： A planner for a self adaptable and reconfigurable fixture system is proposed. The system is composed of mobile support agents that support thin sheet metal parts to minimize part dimensional deformation during drilling and milling operations. Compliant sheet metal parts are widely used in various manufacturing processes including automotive and aerospace industries. The main role of the planner is to generate an admissible plan of relocation of the mobile agents. It has to find the admissible locations for the supporting heads that provide continuous support in close proximity to the tool and trajectories of the mobile bases characterized by very high speeds during the relocation phases.

关键词： fixture robot milling drilling

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Optimal localization of complex surfaces in CAD-based inspection

XU Jinting, LIU Weijun, SUN Yuwen

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第4期页码 426-433 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0068-4

摘要： Complex surface inspection requires the optimal localization of the measured surface related to the design surface so that the two surfaces can be compared in a common coordinate frame. This paper presents a new technique for solving the localization problem. The basic approach consists of two steps: 1) rough localization of the measured points to the design surface based on curvature features, which can produce a good initial estimate for the optimal localization; 2) fine localization based on the least-square principle so that the deviation between the measured surface and the design surface is minimized. To efficiently compute the closest points on the design surface of the measured points, a novel method is proposed. Since this approach does not involve an iterative process of solving non-linear equations for the closest points, it is more convenient and robust. The typical complex surface is used to test the developed algorithm. Analysis and comparison of experimental results demonstrate the validity and applicability of the algorithm.

关键词： deviation comparison non-linear localization inspection

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Strain localization analyses of idealized sands in biaxial tests by distinct element method

Mingjing JIANG, Hehua ZHU, Xiumei LI,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 208-222 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0025-2

摘要： This paper presents a numerical investigation on the strain localization of an idealized sand in biaxial compression tests using the distinct element method (DEM). In addition to the dilatancy and material frictional angle, the principal stress field, and distributions of void ratio, particle velocity, and the averaged pure rotation rate (APR) in the DEM specimen are examined to illustrate the link between microscopic and macroscopic variables in the case of strain localization. The study shows that strain localization of the granular material in the tests proceeds with localizations of void ratio, strain and APR, and distortions of stress field and force chains. In addition, both thickness and inclination of the shear band change with the increasing of axial strain, with the former valued around 10–14 times of mean grain diameter and the later overall described by the Mohr-Coulomb theory.

关键词： idealized sand strain localization numerical analyses distinct element method (DEM)

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Research and application of visual location technology for solder paste printing based on machine vision

Luosi WEI, Zongxia JIAO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第2期页码 184-191 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0034-9

摘要： A location system is very important for solder paste printing in the process of surface mount technology (SMT). Using machine vision technology to complete the location mission is new and very efficient. This paper presents an integrated visual location system for solder paste printing based on machine vision. The working principle of solder paste printing is introduced and then the design and implementation of the visual location system are described. In the system, two key techniques are completed by secondary development based on VisionPro. One is accurate image location solved by the pattern-based location algorithms of PatMax. The other one is camera calibration that is achieved by image warping technology through the checkerboard plate. Moreover, the system can provide good performances such as high image locating accuracy with 1/40 sub-pixels, high anti-jamming, and high-speed location of objects whose appearance is rotated, scaled, and/or stretched.

关键词： machine vision visual location solder paste printing VisionPro

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A visual graphic approach for mobility analysis of parallel mechanisms

Xu PEI, Jingjun YU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 92-95 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0213-3

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视觉检测技术及应用

叶声华,邾继贵,王仲,杨学友

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第1期页码 49-52

摘要：

视觉检测技术，尤其是基于三角法的主动和被动视觉检测技术具有非接触、速度快、柔性好等特点，是一种先进的检测手段，适合现代制造业的需要。文章论述了视觉检测技术原理，讨论了已经研制的多个实际视觉检测系统，从不同角度展示了视觉检测技术在现代制造业中广阔的应用前景。

关键词：主动视觉被动视觉检测系统现代制造

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An autonomous miniature wheeled robot based on visual feedback control

CHEN Haichu

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第2期页码 197-200 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0033-7

摘要： Using two micro-motors, a novel omni-direction miniature wheeled robot is designed on the basis of the bi-corner driving principle. The robot takes advantage of the Bluetooth technology to wirelessly transmit data at a short distance. Its position and omni-direction motion are precise. A Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera is used for measuring and for visual navi gation. A control system is developed. The precision of the position is 0.5 mm, the resolution is about 0.05 mm, and the maximum velocity is about 52 mm/s. The visual navigation and control system allow the robot to navigate and track the target and to accomplish autonomous locomotion.

关键词： measuring distance autonomous locomotion advantage navigation

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Lipin3 leads to hypertriglyceridemia and obesity by disrupting the expression and nucleocytoplasmic localization

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1003-0

摘要： Lipin proteins including Lipin 1–3 act as transcriptional co-activators and phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase enzymes, which play crucial roles in lipid metabolism. However, little is known about the function of Lipin3 in triglyceride (TG) metabolism. Here, we identified a novel mutation (NM_001301860: p.1835A>T/p.D612V) of Lipin3 in a large family with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and obesity through whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Functional studies revealed that the novel variant altered the half-life and stability of the Lipin3 protein. Hence, we generated Lipin3 heterozygous knockout (Lipin3-heKO) mice and cultured primary hepatocytes to explore the pathophysiological roles of Lipin3 in TG metabolism. We found that Lipin3-heKO mice exhibited obvious obesity, HTG, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disorder. Mechanistic study demonstrated that the haploinsufficiency of Lipin3 in primary hepatocytes may induce the overexpression and abnormal distribution of Lipin1 in cytosol and nucleoplasm. The increased expression of Lipin1 in cytosol may contribute to TG anabolism, and the decreased Lipin1 in nucleoplasm can reduce PGC1α, further leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced TG catabolism. Our study suggested that Lipin3 was a novel disease-causing gene inducing obesity and HTG. We also established a relationship between Lipin3 and mitochondrial dysfunction.

关键词： Lipin3 Lipin1 hypertriglyceridemia obesity mitochondrial dysfunction

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基于定量属性的单目标视觉跟踪算法评价体系研究 Article

Wen-jing KANG, Chang LIU, Gong-liang LIU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第3期页码 405-421 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900245

摘要：视觉跟踪是计算机视觉领域热门研究课题之一。近年来，很多先进跟踪算法和性能评价基准相继发布，并取得巨大成功。现有评价体系大多定位于衡量整体性能，无法通过针对性的详细论证评估跟踪器的优势和缺点，且很多常用评测指标缺乏令人信服的含义解释。本文从测试数据、测试方法、测试指标3方面深入分析跟踪评价体系的细节。首先，归纳整理了12个反映图像序列不同特性的帧间视觉属性，并首次定量给出其归一化公式。基于这些属性定义，提出两种新的测试方法，即基于相关性的测试和基于权重的测试，使评价体系能更直观、更清晰地评定跟踪器各方面性能。然后，将所提测试方法应用于著名的跟踪挑战赛，即Video Object Tracking (VOT) Challenge 2017。测试结果表明，在目标尺寸快速或剧烈变化时，跟踪器大多表现不佳，即使基于深度学习的先进跟踪器也未能很好解决这一问题。此外发现，中心位置差错（center location error，CLE）性能指标虽未考虑到目标尺度，在实际测试中仍对目标尺寸变化很敏感。

关键词：视觉跟踪；性能评价；视觉属性；计算机视觉

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标题作者时间类型操作

Ahigh precision visual localization sensor and its workingmethodology for an indoor mobile robot

Feng-yu ZHOU,Xian-feng YUAN,Yang YANG,Zhi-fei JIANG,Chen-lei ZHOU

期刊论文

长走廊环境下视觉特征辅助的移动机器人定位研究

葛耿育1,3,张毅2,王维1,胡立鹤1,王洋1,蒋勤1

期刊论文

利用机器视觉技术对化工厂管道进行自动视觉泄漏检测与定位

Mina Fahimipirehgalin, Emanuel Trunzer, Matthias Odenweller, Birgit Vogel-Heuser

期刊论文